Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lab

Diploma Engineering Lab >> Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lab

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lab

6th Semester

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Lab

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5th Semester

4th Semester

Digital And Microwave Communication Systems all Lab in One PDF [pdfjs-viewer url=”https://educenters.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Digital-And-Microwave-Communication-Systems-Lab.pdf” attachment_id=”825″ viewer_width=auto viewer_height=400px fullscreen=true download=false print=false]

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3rd Semester

Lab Report on

Subject: Computer Programming Language
Experiment Name: Verify the programs using I/O statements and various operators
Experiment No.: 02
Aim: To understand input/output operations and the usage of different operators in programming.

Procedure:

Open the text editor and create a new file.
Write the algorithm for the program.
Translate the algorithm into a programming code.
Save the file with an appropriate name and extension (.c for C language, .cpp for C++, etc.).
Compile the program using the compiler.
Execute the compiled program and observe the output.

Algorithm:

Start
Display a message prompting the user to enter the first number.
Read the first number from the user.
Display a message prompting the user to enter the second number.
Read the second number from the user.
Calculate the sum and product of the two numbers.
Display the sum and product.
End

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

// Declare variables

int num1, num2, sum, product;

// Prompt the user to enter the first number

printf(“Enter the first number: “);

// Read the first number from the user

scanf(“%d”, &num1);

// Prompt the user to enter the second number

printf(“Enter the second number: “);

// Read the second number from the user

scanf(“%d”, &num2);

// Calculate the sum of the two numbers

sum = num1 + num2;

// Calculate the product of the two numbers

product = num1 * num2;

// Display the sum and product

printf(“Sum: %d\n”, sum);

printf(“Product: %d\n”, product);

// End the program

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter the first number: 5

Enter the second number: 3

Sum: 8

Product: 15

Result: The program successfully reads two numbers from the user, calculates their sum and product, and displays the results.

Conclusion: This experiment helped in understanding the implementation of basic input/output operations using I/O statements and the usage of various operators in programming. The knowledge gained will be essential in more complex programming tasks in the future.

Lab Report

Subject: Computer Programming Language
Experiment Name: Verify the programs to check whether a number is even or odd
Experiment No.: 03

Aim: To verify a program that determines whether a given number is even or odd.

Procedure:

Open the text editor and create a new file.
Write the algorithm for the program.
Translate the algorithm into a programming code with appropriate comments.
Save the file with an appropriate name and extension (.c for C language, .cpp for C++, etc.).
Compile the program using the compiler.
Execute the compiled program and observe the output.

Algorithm:

Start
Declare a variable to store the number.
Display a message prompting the user to enter a number.
Read the number from the user.
Use the modulo operator (%) to check if the number is divisible by 2.
If the number is divisible by 2 (remainder is 0), display a message indicating it’s even.
If the number is not divisible by 2 (remainder is not 0), display a message indicating it’s odd.
End

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

// Declare a variable to store the number

int num;

// Prompt the user to enter a number

printf(“Enter a number: “);

// Read the number from the user

scanf(“%d”, &num);

// Check if the number is even or odd

if(num % 2 == 0) {

// If the number is even, display a message

printf(“%d is even.\n”, num);

} else {

// If the number is odd, display a different message

printf(“%d is odd.\n”, num);

}

// End the program

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter a number: 7

7 is odd.

Result: The program successfully determined whether the entered number (7 in this case) is odd and displayed the appropriate output message.

Conclusion: This experiment provided hands-on experience in implementing a simple logic to determine whether a number is even or odd using the modulo operator. Understanding and implementing basic conditional statements are essential foundational skills in computer programming. This experiment lays the groundwork for more complex conditional logic that will be encountered in future programming tasks.

Lab Report

Subject: Computer Programming Language
Experiment Name: Verify the programs to find the sum of n natural numbers
Experiment No.: 04

Aim: To verify a program that calculates the sum of the first n natural numbers.

Procedure:

Open the text editor and create a new file.
Write the algorithm for the program.
Translate the algorithm into a programming code with appropriate comments.
Save the file with an appropriate name and extension (.c for C language, .cpp for C++, etc.).
Compile the program using the compiler.
Execute the compiled program and observe the output.

Algorithm:

Start
Declare variables for n (to store the number of natural numbers) and sum (to store the sum).
Display a message prompting the user to enter the value of n.
Read the value of n from the user.
Initialize sum=0sum=0.
Use a loop to iterate from 1 to n and add each number to sum.
Display the final value of sum.
End

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

// Declare variables for n (number of natural numbers) and sum (to store the sum)

int n, sum = 0;

// Prompt the user to enter the value of n

printf(“Enter the value of n: “);

// Read the value of n from the user

scanf(“%d”, &n);

// Calculate the sum of the first n natural numbers

for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

sum += i;

}

// Display the sum

printf(“Sum of first %d natural numbers = %d\n”, n, sum);

// End the program

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter the value of n: 5

Sum of first 5 natural numbers = 15

Result: The program successfully calculated the sum of the first 5 natural numbers (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) and displayed the result, which is 15.

Conclusion: This experiment allowed the implementation of a loop to find the sum of the first n natural numbers. It demonstrated the use of a for loop and the accumulation of values in a variable. Understanding loops is fundamental to programming and is crucial for handling repetitive tasks efficiently. This knowledge is essential for solving a wide range of problems in computer programming.

Lab Report

Subject: Computer Programming Language
Experiment Name: Verify the programs to find the largest and smallest number among five numbers
Experiment No.: 05

Aim: To verify a program that finds the largest and smallest numbers among five given numbers.

Procedure:

Open the text editor and create a new file.
Write the algorithm for the program.
Translate the algorithm into a programming code with appropriate comments.
Save the file with an appropriate name and extension (.c for C language, .cpp for C++, etc.).
Compile the program using the compiler.
Execute the compiled program and observe the output.

Algorithm:

Start
Declare variables for five numbers and variables to store the largest and smallest numbers.
Display a message prompting the user to enter the five numbers.
Read the five numbers from the user.
Assume the first number is both the largest and smallest.
Compare the remaining four numbers with the assumed largest and smallest numbers.
If a number is larger than the assumed largest, update the largest number.
If a number is smaller than the assumed smallest, update the smallest number.
Display the largest and smallest numbers.
End

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

// Declare variables for five numbers and variables to store the largest and smallest numbers

int num1, num2, num3, num4, num5;

int largest, smallest;

// Prompt the user to enter five numbers

printf(“Enter five numbers: “);

// Read the five numbers from the user

scanf(“%d %d %d %d %d”, &num1, &num2, &num3, &num4, &num5);

// Assume the first number is both the largest and smallest

largest = smallest = num1;

// Compare the numbers and find the largest and smallest

if (num2 > largest) {

largest = num2;

} else if (num2 < smallest) {

smallest = num2;

}

if (num3 > largest) {

largest = num3;

} else if (num3 < smallest) {

smallest = num3;

}

if (num4 > largest) {

largest = num4;

} else if (num4 < smallest) {

smallest = num4;

}

if (num5 > largest) {

largest = num5;

} else if (num5 < smallest) {

smallest = num5;

}

// Display the largest and smallest numbers

printf(“Largest number: %d\n”, largest);

printf(“Smallest number: %d\n”, smallest);

// End the program

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter five numbers: 15 7 23 4 12

Largest number: 23

Smallest number: 4

Result: The program successfully determined the largest and smallest numbers among the given set of numbers (15, 7, 23, 4, 12) and displayed the results.

Conclusion: This experiment demonstrated the use of conditional statements to find the largest and smallest numbers among a set of inputs. Understanding how to compare multiple values and update variables based on certain conditions is a crucial programming skill. This knowledge can be applied to a wide range of problems where finding extremes among a set of values is necessary.

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